E. R. Hooton, _War over the trenches_, Ian Allen Publishing, 2010, ISBN 978 0 7110 3415 0 Squadron strengths (footnote 3 for chapter 2, page 278): German: Initially the AFA had 4 aircraft and FFA had 6. Winter 1916/17 all corps/army squadrons were designated FA with 6 aircraft. Later in 1917 reinforced FA(A) were created with 9 aircraft, but only 42%of the FA(A) were reinforced by the armistice. American: squadrons had 24 aircraft. British: squadrons at the beginning of 1916 had 12 aircraft, but from the summer of 1916 were gradually expanded to 18. French: escadrille had 10 aircraft and the Section d'Artillerie Lourde had 5, but from October 1916 both had 10 aircraft. But see also page 128, British corps squadrons to 24 aircraft 1 April 1917 (how long?). Table 1-1: Hooton, page 29 Wing operations July 1915-January 1916 Date Sorties Combats Losses To Total (Fokkers) Fokkers RFC losses July 498 12(3) 2(4) 13(18) August 496 10(5) 3(3) 1(1) 7(10) Sept 1,150 17(3) 1(2) 1(2) 11(16) Oct 749 38(8) 5(5) 2(4) 11(14) Nov 544 33(7) 4(6) 2(2) 13(12) Dec 459 49(9) 4(5) 1(2) 17(19) Jan 534 22(5) 5(4) 2(2) 18(20) Total 4,430 181(40) 19(23) 9(13) 90(109) Note: Figures in parenthesis in 'losses' is dead and missing aircrew. Table 1-2: Hooton, page 17, II Armée squadrons 28 February - 15 December 1916 Date Caudron Farman Voisin Sections Nieuport Total 28/2 3 5 - 2 6 16 26/3 5 6 - 5 4 20 16/4 7 10 - 4 6 27 14/5 7 8 2 6 6 29 15/6 6 7 1 6 6 26 20/7 4 9 1 6 5 25 20/8 3 9 1 5 5 23 15/9 4 9 1 4 5 23 15/11 4 7 - 5 5 21 15/12 7 8 - - 5 20 Table 1-3: Hooton, page 38, II Armée sorties 27 March - 2 April 1916 Day Fighter Corps Bomber Total 27/3 - 4 - 4 28/3 - 2 - 2 29/3 57 36 - 93 30/3 48 83 - 131 31/3 73 105 - 178 1/4 102 92 - 194 2/4 79 99 7 185 Total 359 421 7 787 Table 1-4: Hooton, page 56, Air strength II Armée 15 June - 15 September, 1917 Date C F R N GC GB June 15 2 4 - 2 - - July 15 5 13 - 2 1 - August 15 6 9 3 2 3 1 September 15 9 8 3 2 3 1 GC = Groupe de Chasse GB = Groupe de Bombardement [Others not clear. However, see notes to table 4-5] Tables 2-1 to 2-4 (orders of battle) Hooton, pages 59-60, Table 2-1: Aviation Militaire Francaise Orders of Battle 1916-1918 Date Fighter Bomber Army Artillery Corps Interior Escort Total Jan 16 16 11 15 11 33 4 - 90 Nov 16 26 25 9 21 47 7 - 135 Feb 17 30 19 15 25 47 11 - 149 Apr 18 58 27 4 77 54 19 1 236 Nov 18 64 32 11 80 54 10 3 254 Table 2-2: RFC/RAF Orders of Battle Date Fighter Bomber Corps Total Feb 16 7 - 14 21 Jul 16 13 1 15 29 Jan 17 21 1 19 41 Jul 17 26 6 20 52 Jan 18 29 7 19 55 Jul 18 40 21 20 83 Nov 18 43 24 20 87 Note: Fighter include fighter-reconnaissance. Note: Excludes Independent Force and naval support, but includes RNAS attached to RFC wings Table 2-3: USAS Orders of Battle Date Pursuit Bombardment Observation Total May 18 2 - 2 4 Jul 18 7 1 6 14 Sep 18 14 1 12 27 Oct 18 14 4 14 32 Nov 18 20 7 18 45 Table 2-4: German squadron Order of Battle Date Fighter Bomber Attack/Escort Corps Total Apr 16 - 18 - 81 119 Oct 16 11 42 - 101 156 Apr 17 37 12(3) 30 116(44) 195(47) Mar 18 80(1) 33 30 153(20) 296(20) Nov 18 81(2) 35 38 140(15) 294(17) Note: Figures in brackets show squadrons outside western front. Note: Figures exclude home defence and those in the Middle East. Table 2-5: (page 69) Reconnaissance sorties by RFC over Siegfriedstellung sector Month III Brigade IV Brigade V Brigade 9 Wing Total Dec 1916 13(8) 8(7) 5(2) 7(1) 33(18) Jan 1917 23(18) 46(35) 16(12) - 85(65) Feb 1917 15(13) 44(34) 14(9) - 73(56) Mar 1917 56(15) 55(38) 30(24) 73(-) 214(77) Total 107(54) 153(114) 65(47) 80(1) 405(216) Note: Parenthesis is photographic. Table 2-6: page 80 (after figures 2-7 and 2-8)! Night operations over the British front May-October 1918 Month Nights Sorties Bombs Casualties Victory dropped Killed Injured claims May 22 896 3720(2028) 530 1353 27 Jun 25 572 2313(1226) 103 406 9 Jul 22 564 2177(590) 179 424 14 Aug 21 854 3287(745) 179 501 23 Sep 21 512 3001(253) 120 259 24 Oct 16 316 1587(-) 41 61 20 Total 108 3714 16085(4842) 1152 3004 117 Note: Bomber sorties are contemporaries estimates. Note: Bombs dropped figures in parenthesis are upon lines of communications. Table 2-7: page 76 Bombing on the Western Front in 1917 (tonnes) Month French British Totals Day Night Day Night Allied German Jan-Mar - 72.0 77.0 5.2 154.2 114.0 Apr 0.5 37.8 22.3 9.3 69.9 6.5 May 8.6 72.1 26.3 14.1 121.1 66.8 Jun 6.8 46.2 27.3 23.7 104.0 84.5 Jul 9.9 56.5 35.7 69.8 171.9 186.8 Aug 8.2 40.2 41.1 74.3 163.8 153.0 Sep 28.6 125.8 58.0 147.9 360.3 269.0 Oct 8.1 28.7 53.4 118.6 208.8 461.4 Nov 3.1 5.6 17.6 28.1 54.4 210.3 Dec 15.3 40.5 13.2 48.6 117.6 94.0 Total 89.1 525.4 371.9 539.6 1526.0 1646.3 Note: Figures below 500 kg rounded down, figures above 500 kg rounded up. Table 2-8: page 77 Allied bombing on the Western Front in 1918 (tonnes) Month French British US(day) Total Day Night Day Night Jan 35.8 26.3 14.3 28.5 - 104.9 Feb 62.9 50.4 26.3 44.2 - 183.8 Mar 66.0 104.6 145.1 145.1 - 460.8 Apr 71.8 73.3 211.3 110.2 - 466.6 May 137.1 347.1 240.1 157.0 - 881.3 Jun 222.4 383.9 290.2 181.7 2.7 1080.9 Jul 189.6 293.2 215.7 216.2 - 914.7 Aug 268.7 336.7 146.5 331.7 19.5 1103.1 Sep 132.3 208.9 159.2 248.2 35.6 784.2 Oct 287.3 248.2 169.1 207.9 32.3 944.8 Nov 182.1 37.7 13.4 48.0 10.6 291.8 Total 1656 2110.3 1631.2 1718.7 100.7 7216.9 Note: Figures below 500 kg rounded down, figures above 500 kg rounded up. Note: During 1918 the Germans dropped 5800 tonnes of bombs. Table 2-9, page 89 Aircrew combat losses on the Western Front 1916-1918 by Quarters Quarter French British Other Allied Total German 1916Q1 127(80) 69(50) 3(2) 199(132) 83(58) 1916Q2 161(98) 69(42) - 230(140) 142(110) 1916Q3 242(145) 296(213) 1(1) 539(359) 196(135) 1916Q4 153(97) 212(146) - 365(243) 154(110) 1917Q1 117(71) 102(302) - 419(274) 187(143) 1917Q2 260(134) 845(592) 7(7) 1,112(733) 535(401) 1917Q3 298(183) 759(541) 6(5) 1,063(729) 518(344) 1917Q4 298(89) 482(347) 6(6) 786(442) 452(334) 1918Q1 255(182) 533(342) 3(3) 791(527) 597(448) 1918Q2 631(409) 768(498) 49(42) 1,448(949) 1,126(868) 1918Q3 689(423) 1,174(820) 308(242) 2,171(1,485) 972(721) 1918Q4 232(134) 523(355) 171(115) 926(604) 292(234) Total 3,463 6,032 554 10,049 5,254 (2,045) (4,149) (423) (6,617) (3,906) Note: Main figure is total with permanent losses in parenthesis. Other is Belgian and US Sources used are French: Bailey & Cony, _The French Air Service War Chronology 1914-1918_ London, Grub Street, 2002; British and Americans: Henshaw, _The Sky Their Battlefield_, London: Grub Street, 1995 ; German: Franks, Bailey & Duiven, _Casualties of the German Air Service 1914-1920_, London, Grub Street 1996. [Note: one of the German permanent loss figures is 10 too high or total is 10 too low] Table 3-1: page 94 I Brigade operations February - April 1916 Date Sorties Combats Losses To Fokkers Total RFC losses Feb 675 31 2(1) - 8(9) Mar 1032 68 2(2) 1(2) 19(25) Apr 1013 64 1(2) - 8(10) Totals 2720 163 5(5) 1(2) 35(44) Note: Losses figure in parenthesis are aircrew Hooton further states that the Fokkers appear to have downed 13 aircraft (and 18 aircrew) on the British front, mostly on long-range reconnaissance missions. Table 3-2: page 99 [Note: this has very confused headers, interpretations?] 14 Wing fighter operations Week DH2/Fe8 Fe2 Total Total OP DP Total OP 3-9/7 141 32 33 101 90 242 10-16/7 113 44 - 77 77 190 17-23/7 88 43 11 43 41 131 24/30/7 105 61 20 64 60 169 31/7-6/8 152 106 42 130 121 282 7-13/8 104 35 66 90 90 194 14-20/8 74 21 49 53 50 127 21-27/8 116 68 37 70 61 186 28/8-3/9 90 40 40 55 50 145 4-10/9 134 103 13 52 42 168 11-17/9 137 94 37 68 56 205 18-24/9 144 107 26 68 59 212 25/9-1/10 196 130 71 79 65 275 2-8/10 45 13 31 55 24 100 9-15/10 17 - 17 54 18 71 16-22/10 166 154 8 121 50 287 23-29/10 58 41 17 36 24 94 30/10-5/11 96 30 37 50 40 146 6-12/11 84 23 55 44 32 128 13-19/11 79 26 41 33 26 112 Total 2139 1171 651 1343 1076 3464 Note: OP = Offensive Patrol, DP = Defensive Patrol Table 3-3: page 101 British Operations over the Somme June 19 - August 27, 1916 Week 3 Wing 15 Wing 14 Wing 9 Wing Total 19-25/6 425(-) - 360(-) 35(-) 820(-) 26/6-2/7 525(1) 45(-) 225(4) 100(2) 895(7) 3-9/7 290(2) 255(3) 250(3) 110(6) 905(14) 10-16/7 255(4) 230(-) 230(2) 135(-) 850(6) 17-23/7 230(1) 190(1) 140(-) 115(4) 675(6) 24-30/7 305(1) 230(1) 175(-) 120(5) 830(7) 31/7-6/8 400(-) 405(1) 340(2) 180(4) 1325(7) 7-13/8 280(-) 385(1) 215(4) 90(3) 970(8) 14-20/8 255(-) 300(-) 160(1) 70(1) 785(2) 21-27/8 305(-) 440(3) 215(2) 105(9) 1065(14) Total 3270(9) 2480(10) 2310(18) 1060(34) 9120(71) Note: Figures in parenthesis are aircraft losses. Table 3-4: page 101 German air strength on the Somme Date FFA/AFA Kasta Jasta Strength 24/6 8 6 - 100 4/7 12 8 - 140 10/7 1 9 - 150 1/8 24 12 - 300 2/9 29 21 4 350 20/9 46 28 4 490 Table 3-5: Hooton, page 107, British air operations over the Somme 28 August - 19 November 1916 Week IV Brigade V Brigade 9 Wing Total 3 Wing 14 Wing 15 Wing 22 Wing 28/8-3/9 350(2) 175(4) 275(3) 100(-) 135(9) 1035(18) 4-10/9 275(1) 255(6) 230(2) 160(3) 125(3) 1045(15) 11-17/9 410(-) 320(7) 305(2) 195(1) 160(10) 1390(20) 18-24/9 245(1) 230(10) 255(-) 175(4) 95(10) 1000(25) 25/9-1/10 370(2) 275(3) 375(-) 430(-) 155(6) 1605(11) 2-8/10 175(-) 125(1) 145(1) 45(-) 10(-) 500(2) 9-15/10 215(1) 200(3) 345(1) 170(-) 60(2) 990(7) 16-22/10 295(2) 350(5) 410(1) 270(1) 160(6) 1485(15) 23-29-10 130(-) 120(3) 175(5) 110(-) 10(2) 545(10) 30/10-5/11 180(2) 155(4) 265(2) 230(-) 15(3) 845(11) 6-12/11 190(1) 160(1) 290(-) 340(-) 45(3) 1025(5) 13-19/11 135(-) 120(2) 260(1) 290(-) 45(3) 850(6) Total 2970(12) 2485(49) 3330(18) 2515(9) 1015(57) 12315(145) Note: Figures in parenthesis are failed to return to friendly airfields. 22 Wing was operations from 19 September Previous figures for No 23 and 32 squadron. No data for V Brigade on 7 October. Table 3-6: Hooton, page 111, I.Armee air operations 22 October - 4 November 1916 Week Artillery Photo Ground Line Fighter Bomber Total Attack Patrol 22-28/10 137 96 87 198 267 31 816 29/10-4/11 85 72 132 152 261 11 713 Total 222 168 219 350 528 42 1529 Table 3-7: Hooton, page 112, Losses on the Some September-November 1916 Date German loses British losses German Claims (fighters) (fighters) (By Jasta)* September 27(4) 90(36) 123(48) October 12(4) 51(19) 88(56) November 24(4) 35(23) 60(52) Total 63(12) 176(78) 271(156) * Excludes balloons, British fighters include FE as well as Be12 and Martinsyde on fighter missions Table 3-8: page 115 III Brigade Offensive Patrol sorties 1 July - 15 November 1916 Month Sorties Losses July 717 5 August 887 4 September 686 16 October 417 11 1-15/11 207 5 Total 2914 41 Table 3-9: page 121 French strength during the Somme campaign 1916 (mid month) Escadrilles June July August September October November Caudron 4 5 10 11 11 12 Farman 4 9 9 15 16 19 Voisin - - 5 5 5 5 Nieuport 7 7 7 14 14 12 Strength 140 165 250 350 360 360 Table 4-1: page 134 6.Armee air Order of Battle 1 April 1917 Corps Group Grufl Nr Fl Abt Schusta Jasta Souchez(VLR) 3 3 2 1 Vimy(LBR) 12 3 3 1 Arras(XII.R) 2 2 1 2 Total - 8 6 4 Table 4-2: page 136 I and III Brigade outer air battle operations 2 April - 27 May 1917 Week Total sorties Patrol sorties* Losses Loss rate (%) 2-8/4 1835 115 32 1.75 9-15/4 1635 155 40 2.45 16-22/4 1155 100 14 1.2 23-29/4 2470 225 42 1.7 30/4-6/5 2495 240 17 0.7 7-13/5 2230 190 18 0.8 14-20/5 1265 90 6 0.5 21-27/5 2030 190 11 0.5 Note: * Daily average of Offensive and Line Patrol Sorties Table 4-3: page 138 Arras Campaign. British sorties 26 March - 3 June 1917 Week I Brigade III Brigade 9 Wing Total 1(C) 10(A) 12(C) 13(A) Wing Wing Wing Wing 26/3-1/4 110 145 265 175 40 735 2-8/4 180 520 530 605 140 1975 9-15/4 250 360 445 580 220 1855 16-22/4 130 300 310 415 150 1305 23-29/4 285 665 670 850 575 3045 30/4-6/5 405 585 605 900 540 3035 7-13/5 400 505 565 760 290 2520 14-20/5 230 235 305 495 95 1360 21-27/5 385 575 430 640 350 2380 28/5-3/6 350 480 375 455 85 1745 Total 2725 4370 4500 5875 2485 19955 Note: 9 Wing to Flanders on May 31 Table 4-4: page 138 British Losses in Arras Campaign Week I Brigade III Brigade 9 (GHQ) Total 1(C) 10(A) 12(C) 13(A) Wing Wing Wing Wing Wing 26/3-1/4 - 2(3) 1(-) 4(7) - 7(10) 2-8/4 3(6) 7(10) 10(17) 22(26) 15(26) 57(85) 9-15/4 5(8) 4(8) 19(16) 12(11) 4(6) 44(49) 16-22/4 3(2) 1(2) 1(1) 9(10) - 14(15) 23-29/4 14(15) 6(8) 9(12) 13(14) 7(6) 49(55) 30/4-6/5 6(6) 5(5) 3(4) 3(3) 10(12) 27(30) 7-13/5 2(2) 5(5) 4(2) 7(4) 12(19) 30(32) 14-20/5 - -(1) 3(6) 3(3) 3(3) 9(13) 21-27/5 - 6(6) 1(-) 4(5) 7(7) 18(18) 28/5-3/6 3(6) 4(6) - 3(2) 2(1) 12(15) Note: Initial figures are aircraft, figures in parenthesis are dead and missing aircrew. [Note: I had to interpret the headers.] Table 4-5: page 152 French squadron distribution for the Nivelle Offensive Army Corps Army Fighter Bomber Total C F C F R V MS V 3 2 8 6 2 - - 5(1) - 26 VI 4 2 2 7 - 1 1 9(2) - 26 X 2 2 3 1 - - - 3 - 11 IV 1 2 4 - 1 - - 6(1) 4(1) 18 Total 10 8 17 14 3 1 1 23(4) 4 81 Note: C = Caudron G, F = Farman, MS = Morane Saulnier, R = Caudron R, V = Voisin. Fighter and Bomber figures in parenthesis are groupes. Table 4-6: page 153 German Order of Battle for the Nivelle Offensive Armee FA Schusta Jasta Kagohl(Kasta) AOK 7 18 8 6 1(6) AOK 1 17 9 6 1(6) AOK 3 7 1 3 - Total 42 18 15 2(12) Note: For 3.Armee only right wing units are included. Table 4-7: page 157 French air operations April - May 1917 Week GAR GAC Total Army Corps Army Corps 2-8/4 615 445 255 295 1610 9-15/4 1065 610 635 1175 3485 16-22/4 1165 480 450 565 2660 23-29/4 2510 1115 990 800 5415 10/4-6/5 2445 1880 845 1030 6200 7-13/5 1825 985 705 640 4155 14-20/5 720 160 225 150 1255 21-27/5 2115 775 1180 725 4795 Totals 12460 6450 5285 5380 29575 Note: GAC is based upon Chalons Grouping returns and GAR on the Chauny, Fere en Tardenis, Jochery, Noyon and especially the Soissons Groupings. Figures rounded to nearest 5. No returns for April 12, April 19, May 18-20 possibly due to bad weather. Table 5-1: page 162 RFC Strength in Ypres campaign: 10 May - 18 November 1917 Date II Brigade IV Brigade V Brigade GHQ Total 2 11 3 14 15 22 9 Wing Wing Wing Wing Wing Wing Wing 10/5 70/10(74) 83/20(67) - - - - - 153/30(141) 7/6 116/5(116) 117/18(110) - - - - 96/9(92) 329/32(318) 7/7 51/2(54) 43/10(56) 36/10(36) 30/8(32) 79/11(63) 81/15(77) 114/8(105) 361/64(423) 31/7 54/1(65) 68/9(60) 36/5(37) 66/-(65) 86/11(92) 82/4(99) 112/8(116) 504/38(534) 1/9 57/4(54) 92/8(78) 39/-(37) 54/2(45) 83/3(84) 109/81(104) 29/6(125) 563/31(527) 20/9 86/4(85) 105/21(94) 40/3(36) 51/5(51) 59/11(59) 103/17(99) 130/4(124) 574/65(548) 15/10 108/5(106) 110/19(102) 40/5(37) 73/12(71) 60/7(59) 108/10(108) 147/12(144) 646/70(627) 1/11 108/4(100) 124/7(127) 30/4(29) 69/8(63) 42/4(41) 91/13(84) 149/21(143) 613/61(587) 15/11 135/7(130) 196/39(170) 30/2(28) 71/13(66) - - 86/8(90) 518/69(484) 18/11 117/7(114) 203/20(28) 29/0(165) 70/13(67) - - 93/4(90) 512/44(464) Note: Aircraft total/unserviceable(pilots) Table 5-2: page 163 French squadrons supporting I Armée 17 July - 15 November 1917 Date Fighter Bomber Army/Corps Total N Spa V AR C F Sop 17/7 2 8(2) 2 - 6 1 - 16 15/8 2 8(2) 3 - 5 1 1 20 15/9 2 4(1) 3 - 6 - 1 16 15/10 2 4(1) 3 - 6 - - 15 15/11 1 4(1) 4 1 3 - 3 16 Note: Spa column figures in parenthesis are Groupes de Chasse [N: Nieuport, Spa: Spad, AR: Durand AR1, Sop: Sopwith 1-1/2 Strutter, others, see figure 4-5] Table 5-3: page 164 4.Armee squadron strength (excludes naval squadrons). Date Jasta Kasta Schusta FA Total 15/5 4 - 2 7 13 25/5 5 - 2 8 15 1/6 7 2 5 15 29 7/6 8 6 5 17 36 15/6 10 6 10 21 47 31/7 18 12 14 36 80 20/9 16 12 14 32 73 [Jasta = Jagdstaffel (fighters); Kagohl = Kampgeschwader de OHL (Combat or Bombers at this time); Kasta = Kampfstaffel; Kofl = Kommandeur der Flieger; FA = Fliegerabteilung (army co-operation squadron, post 1916); FA(A) = Fligerabteilung (Artillerie), artillery co-operation squadron; FA(Lb) = Fliegerabteilung (Lichtbild) photographic recon squadron post 1916; Grufl = Gruppenführer der Flieger - coordinates air operations at army corps level; Schlasta = Schlachstaffel (ground attack); Schlagru = Schlachtgruppe; Schusta = Schutzstafel (initially escort, later ground attack, then renamed); Stofl = Stabsoffizir der Flieger (staff officer for aviation at HQ); Bosta = Bombenstaffel, German bomber squadron from late 1917] Table 5-4: page 168 British air operations over Flanders May 7 - July 1, 1917 Week II Brigade IV Brigade V Brigade GHQ Total 2 11 3 14 15 22 9 Wing Wing Wing Wing Wing Wing Wing 7-13/5 325 365 - - - - - 690 14-20/5 270 225 - - - - - 495 21-27/5 680 650 - - - - 35 1365 28/5-3/6 690 580 - - - - 70 1340 4-10/6 770 960 - - 10 - 470 2210 11-17/6 310 485 75 - 275 245 215 1605 18-24/6 190 255 110 - 25 285 60 1150 25/6-1/7 175 245 90 - 220 190 10 930 Total 3410 3765 275 - 755 720 860 9785 Table 5-5: page 168 British casualties over Flanders 7 May - 1 July 1917 Week II Brigade V Brigade GHQ Total 2 11 15 22 9 Wing Wing Wing Wing Wing 7-13/5 1/2 7/7 - - - 8/9 14-20/5 - 10/11 - - - 10/11 21-27/5 - 13/12 - - - 13/12 28/5-3/6 3/2 9/7 - - 3/5 15/14 4-10/6 7/9 25/23 - - 15/11 47/43 11-17/6 1/2 7/4 1/- - 5/3 14/9 18-24/6 1/2 4/5 3/4 8/7 - 16/18 25/6-1/7 1/2 2/1 1/2 1/2 3/3 8/10 Total 14/19 77/70 5/6 9/9 26/22 131/126 Note: First figure aircraft shot down or failed to return. Second figure is aircrew killed or captured. [Note: table started with IV Brigade, but squadrons incompatible with Table 5-4, so I have amended it. Where is IV Brigade?] Table 5-6: page 170 British air operations in Flanders 2 July - 2 September 1917 Week II Brigade IV Brigade V Brigade GHQ Total 2 11 3 14 15 22 9 Wing Wing Wing Wing Wing Wing Wing 2-8/7 175 350 95 145 260 300 215 1540 9-15/7 205 195 150 330 325 320 265 1790 16-22/7 285 335 120 290 510 445 300 2285 23-29/7 260 295 135 160 645 590 355 2440 10/7-5/8 60 135 30 80 150 220 105 780 6-12/8 280 400 130 410 510 680 195 2605 13-19/8 350 545 160 785 690 1010 420 3960 20-26/8 305 405 175 610 635 820 260 3210 27/8-2/9 55 135 50 130 115 230 20 735 Total 1975 2795 1045 2940 3840 4615 2135 19345 Table 5-7: page 170 British losses in Flanders 2 July - 2 September Week II Brigade IV Brigade V Brigade GHQ Total 2 11 3 14 15 22 9 Wing Wing Wing Wing Wing Wing Wing 2-8/7 2/4 9/14 - - 2/4 1/1 5/5 19/28 9-15/7 1/1 7/2 1/- 2/1 1/2 13/12 12/10 37/28 16-22/7 1/2 4/6 1/- 3/- 1/2 9/5 8/6 27/21 23-29/7 3/5 4/6 2/2 - 2/1 11/15 13/11 35/40 30/7-5/8 -/1 1/2 1/1 - 5/2 3/2 5/2 15/10 6-12/8 1/1 6/4 3/3 2/3 6/8 12/11 8/7 38/37 13-19/8 2/2 11/10 1/1 1/2 10/12 12/13 29/24 66/64 20-26/8 1/2 2/2 - 2/1 5/5 10/9 14/15 34/34 27/8-2/9 1/2 - - - 2/- 2/2 1/- 6/4 Total 12/20 44/46 9/7 10/7 34/36 73/70 95/80 277/266 Note: First figure aircraft shot down or failed to return. Second figure aircrew killed or captured. Table 5-8: page 171 British losses to fighters, 1 July - 18 November 1917 Month Fighter Corps Long range Total Jul 55 14 27 96 Aug 52 18 32 102 Sep 88 15 20 123 Oct 65 8 22 95 Nov 29 7 3 39 Total 289 62 104 455 Note: Long range is bomber and fighter reconnaissance. Table 5-9: page 172 British casualties 3 September - 18 November 1917 Week II Brigade IV Brigade V Brigade GHQ Total 2 11 15 22 15 22 9 Wing Wing Wing Wing Wing Wing Wing 3-9/9 3/3 12/12 1/2 1/- 4/4 6/5 9/9 36/35 10-16/9 4/8 9/8 1/2 2/2 1/1 14/13 5/8 36/42 17-23/9 3/4 22/18 1/- 3/2 5/6 13/11 8/12 55/53 24-30/9 1/1 11/9 - 5/5 2/3 13/12 7/8 39/38 1-7/9 2/- 6/6 - - 1/2 5/8 8/10 22/26 8-14/10 10/7 9/8 - 5/5 4/4 6/7 10/12 44/43 15-21/10 - 3/5 1/2 3/2 - 7/4 16/22 30/35 22-28/10 1/2 11/8 1/- 5/5 1/- 6/5 6/8 31/28 29/10-4/11 2/4 2/2 - - - 2/2 2/2 8/10 5-11/11 6/6 10/9 1/2 3/1 1/2 4/1 10/10 35/31 12-18/11 3/4 11/5 1/- 2/3 - 4/3 - 21/15 Total 61/78 227/206 16/15 39/32 58/64 162/150 202/203 765/748 Note: First figure aircraft shot down or failed to return. Second figure aircrew killed or captured. Table 5-10: page 173 British air operations in Flanders 3 September - 18 November 1917 Week II Brigade IV Brigade V Brigade GHQ Total 2 11 15 22 15 22 9 Wing Wing Wing Wing Wing Wing Wing 3-9/9 360 495 105 350 265 560 310 2445 10-16/9 405 710 120 380 305 585 355 2860 17-23/9 525 865 130 315 370 770 240 3215 24-30/9 475 905 170 435 345 825 520 2675 1-7/10 465 575 95 245 230 515 230 2355 8-14/10 455 545 105 240 285 565 150 2345 15-21/10 465 715 155 425 240 650 230 2880 22-28/10 375 505 125 310 155 520 255 2245 29/10-4/11 265 340 80 250 110 330 185 1560 5-11/11 365 755 65 235 65 325 130 1940 12-18/11 200 605 55 320 30 120 25 1355 Total 4355 7015 1205 3505 2400 5765 2630 26875 Table 5-11: page 176 Bomb tonnages (kilogrammes) during the later Flanders campaign Week German RFC RNAS French Total Day Night Day Night Allied 3-9/9 53050 3565 1645 1195 2133 3160 11698 10-16/9 16420 6585 4235 1801 12470 4705 29796 17-23/9 16400 5671 8372 2195 6205 2195 24638 24-30/9 57625 5075 18727 9052 11515 7500 51869 1-7/10 74900 8555 5120 819 2873 2260 19627 8-14/10 18450 2825 1990 785 6688 1360 13648 15-21/10 69725 5210 4910 3583 - 1080 14783 22-28/10 74645 4335 11375 1525 14177 3245 34657 29/10-4/11 73515 3285 6925 1185 8412 3245 23052 5-11/11 46500 1275 6295 590 6637 2260 17057 12-18/11 20140 955 100 1631 - - 2686 Total 521370 47336 69694 24361 71110 31010 243511 [The `Allied' under RNAS is presumably `Day'. Total is presumably Total Allied.] Table 5-12: page 180 V Brigade counter-battery work. Shells fired Corps Squadron Jul 13-15 Jul 16-22 Jul 23-29 Total II No. 4 2292 3899 4247 10438 XIV No. 9 221 4663 6321 11205* XVIII No. 7 2611 2892 3797 9300 XIX No. 21 550 1398 1305 3253 Total 5674 12822 15670 34196 Note: * No data available for July 30 or 31 or for No. 9 Squadron on July 16 or 29. Table 5-13: page 183 I Brigade operations 1 July - 15 November 1917 Month OP Bombing sorties Bomb tonnage (kg) Day* Night Corps Day Night Corps Jul 609 75 137 27 3983 12534 2642 Aug 360 130 184 53 7058 22362 4523 Sep 568 200 92 75 10968 10792 7659 Oct 451 130 - 109 11075 - 8480 Nov 103 25 - 12 1981 - 1359 Total 2091 490 413 276 35065 45688 24663 Notes: * November 1-15. Day bomber sorties are estimated. Operations by corps squadrons are dedicated bombing missions only. Table 5-14: pages 184-185 French and Belgian Operations 14 May - 18 November 1917 Weeks French Belgian Total Corps Army 14-20/5 5 5 20 30 21-27/5 20 25 50 95 28/5-3/6 10 5 50 65 4-10/6 50 5 120 175 11-17/6 15 15 30 60 18-24/6 - 10 25 35 25/6-1/7 10 5 40 55 2-8/7 25 45 70 140 9-15/7 55/2 245 65/1 365/3 16-22/7 195 300/1 175 670/1 23-29/7 365/2 260/1 215/1 840/4 30/7-5/8 45 55/1 15 115/1 6-12/8 175/2 250 115 540/2 13-19/8 270/1 335/4 290 895/5 20-26/8 90 170 165 425 27/8-2/9 15 65 15 95 3-9/9 60/1 120/3 115 295/4 10-16/9 70 125 185 380 17-23/9 35 95/1 155 285/1 24-30/9 45 160/3 260/1 465/4 1-7/10 25 95/2 75 195/2 8-14/10 115 145 165 425 15-21/10 125 155/1 195 475/1 22-28/10 120 175/1 265/1 560/2 29/10-4/11 30 95 190 315 5-11/11 50 70/1 110 230/1 1-18/11 45 105/1 110 260/1 Total 2065/8 3135/20 3285/4 8485/32 Note: First figure sorties. Second figure is aircraft which failed to return. [I think 4th column is Belgian, 2nd and 3rd are French Corps and Army] Table 5-15: page 188 VI Armée operations at Malmaison 1-28 October 1917 Week Groupes Escadrilles Escadrilles Total Combats de Chasse d'Armee de CA GC/others 1-7/10 176 29 224 429 50/1 8-14/10 174 36 222 432 17/1 15-21/10 764 158 898 1820 203/14 22-28/10 754 99 397 1250 227/20 Total 1868 322 1741 3931 497/36 Table 5-16: Hooton, page 190, British air operations at Cambrai 15 October - 9 December 1917 Week 12 Wing 13 Wing 9 Wing Total 15-21/10 340 400 - 740 22-28/10 190 215 - 405 29/10-4/11 160 265 - 425 5-11/11 190 115 - 305 12-18/11 155 160 - 315 19-25/11 345 165 55 565 26/11-2/12 380 655 160 1195 3-9/12 280 465 80 825 Total 2040 2440 295 4775 Table 6-1: page 203, Air Support for `Michael 1-3/Mars Süd' 21 March 1918 Army Grufln Nr Jasta Bosta Schlasta FA Aircraft AA Guns 2. 3,4,12,16 12 3 11 16 340 94 17. 2,10,14 14 3 7 17 380 99 18. 8,9,13,17 15 6 9 16 350 131 Total - 41 12 27 49 1070 324 Page 205, says `Salmond had 1,114 aircraft with 111 RNAS on the coast organised into 10 squadrons, split evenly between fighters and bombers, the latter including two squadrons of Handley Pages. More than half his force faced the German onslaught with V Brigade having 219 aircraft (92% serviceable), while III Brigade had 259 (87% serviceable) and 9 Wing had 101. The disposition of anti-aircraft batteries; 11 behind the northern armies and eight behind the southern, reflected Haig's priorities and also protected high key supply facilities'. This suggests 15 Wing and 22 Wing had around 12 squadrons between them, 12 Wing and 13 Wing had 14 squadrons and 9 Wing 6 squadrons. Salmond had reinforcement plan for moving squadrons from other fronts, not leaving the squadrons dispersed like Trenchard. This is somewhat agreed by other text on the same page `Charlton was reinforced and by mid March Edwards had five corps squadrons while Holt had a balanced force of seven squadrons including one reconnaissance-fighter and two bomber. Higgins had Mitchell's four corps squadrons, two supplemented by a single Bristol Fighter, while Playfair also had a balanced force of nine squadrons. Freeman's 9 Wing arrived to support Gough with six squadrons'. Charlton was the commander of V Brigade, Higgins commanded III Brigade. Edwards commanded 15 (Corps) Wing, Holt 22 (Army) Wing, Playfair 13 (Army) Wing, Mitchell 12 (Corps) Wing. 54 Wing was night bombers. Table 6-2: Hooton, page 204 Air operations 3rd and 5th Army front 31 December 1917-17 March 1918 Week III V IX Total Brigade Brigade Brigade 12 Wing 13 Wing 15 Wing 22 Wing 31/12-6/1 275 360 120 110 - 865 7-13/1 185 250 135 120 - 690 14-20/1 145 205 175 105 - 630 21-27/1 160 215 140 105 - 620 28/1-3/2 270 230 230 230 - 960 4-10/2 120 135 115 100 - 470 11-17/2 170 185 170 165 - 690 18-24/2 225 255 210 285 - 975 25/2-3/3 165 145 180 230 10 730 4-10/3 290 370 295 630 180 1,765 11-17/3 385 680 400 745 410 2,620 Totals 2390 3030 2170 2825 600 11,015 Table 6-3: Hooton, page 206 British air operations during `Michael/Mars' 21-31 March 1918 Day III V IX Total Brigade Brigade Brigade 12 Wing 13 Wing 15 Wing 22 Wing 9 Wing 54 Wing 21/3 60 15 25 95 - 20 215 22/3 55 20 80 170 20 25 370 23/3 85 85 45 220 90 20 545 24/3 105 135 65 160 80 25 570 25/3 80 90 50 185 70 20 495 26/3 95 30 75 225 95 45 565 27/3 75 80 35 225 105 45 565 28/3 110 65 40 230 115 - 560 29/3 35 5 15 60 60 30 205 30/3 75 50 75 145 115 - 460 31/3 45 35 25 125 105 40 375 Total 820 610 530 1840 855 270 4925 Page 210: It appears Salmond was more willing to transfer squadrons than Trenchard had been. For Michael/Mars it says (Hooton, page 207-208) that 10 squadrons from Pitcher's I Brigade began attacking enemy columns from 24/3. From 27/3 II Brigade sent squadrons from the Ypres front, as did Lamb's 5th Naval Group. Also from the French: Ménard sent 292 aircraft to GAR on 24/3, shortly afterwards Féquant sent 289 aircraft to support GAN around St Quentin. By 26/3 Salmond had committed 27 squadrons in the ground attack role. Page 215 `The British lost 162 single and two-seat fighters over the Michael/Mars front. Of these only 48% fell in air combat, and some of these fell to two-seaters. In 18 days of combat a mere 32 British corps and bomber aircraft fell to fighters while barely a third of overall German victory claims were over these two-seaters'. Then later referring to the French component `appear to have lost about 60 aircraft between 22 March and 7 April, the majority over the Somme, with 74 aircrew dead or missing and 66 wounded or injured'. Later on the same page, `Salmond's airmen flew some 7000-8000 sorties to 7 April with a total loss amounting to 263 aircraft. More were burned on their airfields... Nearly 56% of total casualties (147 aircraft) fell to ground fire. Luftstreitkrafte losses in Michael/Mars appeared relatively light ..., at least 90 aircraft and 135 aircrew. The German figures appear to exclude aeroplanes forced to land or those damaged beyond repair ... many squadrons were reduced to 60-75% of their strength'. Table 7-1: page 230 Distribution of Allied squadrons for `Friedensturm'. 15 July 1918 Command Fighter Bomber Other DAé 24 9 3 Villomé - 5 - Chabert - 6 - Bloch - - 2 IX Brigade 5 4 - IV Armée 10 - 17 V Armée 9 - 15 VI Armée 6 - 22 Total 54 24 59 Note: Other includes corps, reconnaissance and escort squadrons. [DAé = Division Aérienne; GAC = Groupe des Armée de Centre; GAE = Groupe des Armée de l'Est; GAF = Groupe d'Armées des Flandres; GAN = Groupe des Armée du Nord; GAR = Groupe des Armée de Reserve] Table 7-2: page 231 Distribution of German squadrons for `Friendensturm' 15 July 1918 Command Jasta Bosta Schlasta FA 7.Armee 18 3 9 23 1.Armee 15 3 8 12 3.Armee 13 3 9 14 Total 46 9 26 49 Tale 7-3: page 232 Strike force operations: 15-16 July 1918 (bomb tonnage dropped) Date 1 Brigade 2 Brigade IX Brigade Chabert Villomé Bloch 15/7 420(35t) 286(17t) 92(0.9t) 30(7t) 20(8.3t) 18 16/7 180(8.9t) 226(4.8t) 164(6.0t) 43(11.3t) 21(11.2t) 11 Total 600(43.9t) 512(21.8t) 256(6.9t) 73(18.3t) 41(19.5t) 29 Note: Bomber sorties for Chabert on July 15 and IX Brigade on 16 July estimated. Table 7-4: page 233 Distribution of Allied squadrons for Marne counter-offensive 18 July 1918 Command Fighter Bomber Other DAé 24 9 3 Villomé - 5 - Chabert - 6 - Bloch - - 2 IX Brigade 5 4 - V Armée 8 - 16 VI Armée 4 - 15 IX Armée 4 - 7 X Armée 10 - 27 Total 55 24 70 Table 7-5: page 234 Allied strike force in the Marne counter-offensive Date 1 Brigade 2 Brigade IX Brigade Chabert Villomé Total 18-21/7 666 757 486 106 76 2091 22-28/7 499 487 593 111 17 1707 29/7-4/8 8 - - 143 58 209 Total 1173 1244 1079 360 151 4007 [From text this appears to be sorties] Table 7-6: page 236-237 Allied squadrons for August 1918 offensives Command Fighter Bomber Other Total I Brigade 6 2 4 12 III Brigade 5 2 3 10 V Brigade 9 2 6 17 IX Brigade 7 9 - 16 I Armée 8 6 24 38 III Armée 3 - 9 12 DAé 25 15 2 42 Total 63 36 48 147 Table 7-7: page 238 German air force on the Western Front 8 August 1918 Army Group Jasta Bosta Schlasta FA Kronprinz Rupprecht 26 15 9 55 Deutscher Kronprinz 42 9 22 52 Gallwitz 2 - - 9 Herzog Albrecht 8 3 - 13 Total 78 27 31 129 Note: In addition there were five Reibenbildzüge, three with Rupprecht and two with Deutscher Kronprinz. Table 7-8: page 240 RAF support for main British offensives August-November 1918 Week I Brigade III Brigade V Brigade IX Brigade Total 5-11/8 1740/7 870/17 2180/66 885/45 5675/135 12-18/8 1765/8 1060/9 1880/22 730/6 5435/45 19-25/8 1600/6 1260/24 1745/10 800/16 5405/56 26/8-1/9 2180/27 1265/16 1405/16 450/10 5300/69 2-8/9 2050/32 1380/21 1520/11 435/10 5385/74 9-15/9 635/6 795/3 1485/8 100/2 3015/19 16-22/9 1450/12 1160/23 1595/18 435/8 4640/61 23-29/9 1675/23 1345/24 1630/22 670/22 5320/91 30/9-6/10 1505/17 1210/13 2230/21 457/5 5420/56 7-13/10 1070/18 730/9 1450/8 235/4 3485/39 14-20/10 465/1 380/5 880/3 215/1 1940/10 21-27/10 690/6 885/4 1200/7 100/3 2875/20 28/10-3/11 1035/18 1285/7 1415/7 490/10 4225/42 4-10/11 700/1 815/17 1210/20 510/8 3235/46 Totals 18560/182 14440/192 21825/239 6530/150 61355/763 Table 7-9: page 240 German air force distribution 15 August 1918 Army Group Jasta Bosta Schlasta FA Kronprinz Rupprecht 17 9 3 31 Von Boehn 20 6 11 39 Deutscher Kronprinz 28 6 15 38 Gallwitz 2 - - 9 Herzog Albrecht 9 3 - 13 Total 76 24 29 130 Table 7-10: page 244 German air force distribution 11 November 1918 Army Grufl Jasta Bosta Schlasta FA Total Probably strength 4 3 8 6 4 12 30 150(238) 6 1 6 3 - 6 15 60(102) 17 4 8 3 8 11 30 170(274) 2 2 7 3 3 10 23 140(219) 18 4 8 3 4 13 28 160(262) 7 2 4 3 - 12 19 120(179) 1 - 2 - - 6 8 50(76) 3 - 8 - 5 11 24 140(226) 5 5 15 3 9 15 42 260(381) 'C' 2 1 - 1 12 14 60(92) 19 1 4 3 4 8 19 100(155) 'A' - 4 3 - 5 12 60(103) 'B' - 4 - - 4 8 50(83) Total 24 79 30 38 125 272 1520(2390) Note: nominal strength in brackets. All strength figures are Reichsarchiv. Table 7-11: page 247 US operations in St Mihiel Offensive 12-16 September 1918 Day Fighter Bomber Army Corps Total 12/9 225/1 10/3 21/- 134/7 390/11 13/9 247/4 11/2 38/- 97/2 393/8 14/9 392/9 77/2 63/1 148/3 680/15 15/9 333/1 53/- 57/0 140/- 583/1 16/9 272/2 49/5 21/- 79/- 421/7 Total 1469/17 200/12 200/1 598/12 2467/42 Note: First figure is sorties. Second is combat losses. Table 7-12: page 247 Allied operations in St Mihiel Offensive 12-16 September 1918 Day DAé C.A. Night 41 Wing 83 Wing Total 12/9 317/6 17/- - 9/- 8/- 351/6 13/9 301/1 15/1 - 32/2 12/- 360/4 14/9 273/7 10/2 24/- 53/- 31/1 391/10 15/9 281/2 20/- 20/- 35/4 18/1 374/7 16/9 232/3 19/- 33/- 12/- 20/3 316/6 Total 1404/19 81/3 77/- 141/6 89/5 1792/33 Note: First figure is sorties, second is losses. Table 7-13: page 249 Enemy activity over 1st US Army Week Observed Sorties 2-8/9 285 9-15/9 175 16-22/9 180 23-29/9 765 30/9-6/10 730 7-13/10 641 14-20/10 413 21-27/10 1302 28/10-3/11 1614 4-10/11 425 Table 7-14: page 252 Support for the AEF 26 August - 10 November 1918 Week Fighter Bomber Army Corps French Total 26/8-1/9 646/- 36/1 3/- 84/- - 769 2-8/9 889/2 44/- 121/2 268/2 - 1322 9-15/9 1261/12 145/6 193/1 619/11 1027 3245 16-22/9 1471/5 86/11 70/- 374/2 810 2811 23-29/9 1654/14 135/6 252/- 914/3 40 2995 30/9-6/10 2118/9 199/- 335/3 927/6 14 3593 7-13/10 1159/4 102/1 199/2 706/1 21 2187 14-20/10 571/2 52/- 88/- 336/- - 1047 21-27/10 1039/6 122/2 179/2 651/2 38 2029 28/10-3/11 1332/16 250/- 302/- 1098/7 49 3031 4-10/11 993/5 79/5 145/1 846/2 - 2063 Notes: First US figure is sorties. Second is loss. Corps an Army total include French squadrons supporting US and French forces under US command. 'French' are separate French units (DAé, Groupement Villomé) supporting US forces. [Total for 28/10-3/11 corrected] Table 7-15: page 258 Distribution of Aviation Militaire squadrons in November 11 1918 Command Fighter Escort Bomber Army Corps Total Day Night DAé 25 3 15 6 1 - 50 GAR 5 - - - - - 5 Ier Armée 1 - - - 6 14 21 IIIe Armée 1 - - - 3 7 11 GAF - - - - 2 0 2 VIe Armée 7 - - - 2 9 18 GAC - - - 12 - - 12 IIe Armée - - - - 3 - 3 IVe Armée 14 - - - 9 12 35 Ve Armée 5 - - - 5 15 25 US AEF - - - - 7 10 17 GAE - - - 2 - - 2 VIIe Armée - - - 4 11 15 VIIIe Armée 6 - - - 4 5 15 Xe Armée - - - - 3 13 16 Total 64 3 15 20 49 96 247 Note: Home defence squadrons excluded but Italian `squadrons' included. Table 7-16: pages 258-259 Division Aérienne sorties August-November 1918 Week Fighter Bomber Total Bombs (kg) 5-11/8 935/7 510/2 1445/9 80600 12-18/8 1125/9 12/- 1137/9 - 19-25/8 1319/2 607/4 1926/6 115600 26/8-1/9 1060/4 359/1 1419/5 71645 2-8/9 613//4 195/- 808/4 18420 9-15/9 974/2 198/11 1172/13 33940 16-22/9 1148/5 - 1148/5 - 23-29/9 1138/5 523/1 1661/6 79890 10/9-6/10 1521/6 617/2 2138/8 136439 7-13/10 641/3 284/1 925/4 69220 14-20/10 308/2 - 308/2 - 21-27/10 725/5 122/- 847/5 23460 28/10-3/11 1061/4 530/1 1591/5 141660 4-10/11 568/5 311/- 879/5 77470 Total 13136/63 4268/23 17404/86 848404 Note: First figure is sorties. Second is combat losses. Six escort aircraft were lost from 5 August to 15 September. Table 7-17: page 259 IV Armée operations 16 September - 10 November 1918 Week Army Corps GC Total 16-22/9 53/- 240/- 176/- 469/- 23-29/9 113/- 842/1 1020/- 1975/1 30/9-6/10 154/1 963/2 1253/3 2370/6 7-13/10 110/- 681/- 649/1 1440/1 14-20/10 52/- 240/- 496/- 788/- 21-27/10 80/- 176/1 466/- 722/1 28/10-3/11 73/- 352/- 762/4 1187/4 4-10/11 77/- 215/- 259/1 551/1 Total 712/1 3709/4 5081/9 9502/14 Note: First figure is sorties. Second is combat losses. Page 60: In autumn 1915 the allies concentrated fighters into dedicated squadrons. From late 1916 the French concentrated the best squadrons into Groupes de Chasse (of four squadrons). Eventually there were 13 GCs. On 4th February 1918 French formed their first fighter wing 1er Escadre de combat. Page 61: British fighters were in mixed army wings from February 1916, these grew to 9 squadrons and were unwieldy. Added a 2nd army wing to most brigades, this usually became all-fighter. Page 61: Germans, until August 1916 onl ad hoc fighter concentrations (KEKs). Jastas created 10 August 1916. Initially the Jasta were scattered, then flexible Jagdgruppe of 2-7 Jasta were preferred. From 1918 one attached to each army headquarters. From 26 June 1917 permanent JG1 with 4 Jasta. Page 64: Allied, but rarely German fighters used as escorts, typically no more than 25 km behind lines. British often using two-seat reconnaissance fighters particularly Bristol fighters. Page 65: In 1918 radio-telephones in two squadrons of Bristol Fighters. Page 65: Germans used two-seat C-types as fighters, increasing numbers over time. Kagohls to Schusta to Schasta. Page 66: Ground attack. British used fighters with up to 4 20-25 lb bombs. Germans used Schustas (later called Schlasta) with two-seat fighters but only light bombs. Page 124: Somme: from late June 1916 to mid-November 216 RFC aircraft supporting the campaign (corps or total??) failed to return to a friendly airfield, an overall loss rate of 1%. Of these 143 were destroyed or captured. Another 592 were written off due to either severe damage or accidents. 235 were returned to England for repairs or to training units. 500 men killed, wounded or missing, half fell behind the German lines. British: 164 victory claims, actual German losses 114 aircraft. Page 128: Corps squadrons lost 24 aircraft 1 April 1917. Page 143: FE night bombing success had Trenchard revising his opinion of night bombing. Page 146: Scarpe battles in 1917, RFC had growing commitment to ground attack, but question of bombs versus bullets divided the leadership. Page 175: German truck/tractor mounted flak also used against tanks. Page 176: White British tents excellent target, it took till 15 September 1918 to request camouflaged tents. Pages 176-7: German C-class used in ground-attack. Page 178: Flanders late 1917, British Corps squadrons also used for ground-attack. Some fighters fitted with bomb racks. Pages 180-181: Push for RFC common fire-direction doctrine. It took till December 1917 for it to be implemented. Pages 188-189: Petain required a massive reserve for decisive intervention. Pages 205 and 207: Salmonds reinforcement plan: On 21 March 16 squadrons moved plus another 4 scheduled to move to reinforce the front. Page 210: Michael/Mars: British pilots shuttling into and out of airfields, pausing to refuel and rearm. Pilots flying continuously. One pilot making six ground-attack sorties in a day. Page 211: Greatest impact of the ground-attack was probably psychological. Page 212: Description of very active German Schlasta ground-attack. Page 216: By the Flanders `Georgette' campaign German fighting troops had learned to move in small parties to reduce the risk of air atack. Page 217: British 9 Wing experimenting with using 3-6 flights in OP (equivalent of one to two full squadron). Full squadron patrols did not become common till summer 1918. SE5a provide top cover, Camels flew ground attack. Air combat restricted to 15-25 km behind FEBA. Page 221: French formed Division Aérienne (DAé) as a massed strike force on 14 May 1918. Used to move to trouble spots or to support attack/defence operations. Also mentions Hogg's new day strike formation, Lieutenant-Colonel Reginald Mill's 51 Wing. Page 221-225: For Blucher/Goerz Germans had 56 squadrons with 13 Jasta, 6 Bosta, 14 Schlasta: approximately 500 aircraft. Facing VI Armée with 15 squadrons (1 fighter) approximately 200 aircraft. British IX Corps, French DAé sent to reinformce. Some 80 squadrons 35 fighter, 15 Bomber by the beginning of June: approximately 1/3 of air force. Including 600 fighters and bombers. From 27 May to 6 June 1300 fighter, 555 bomber sorties. 78 tonnes of bombs and 440 night bomber sorties (134.6 tonnes). French: loss 52 fighters, 94 men, 110 victory claims. Germans flew 6014 sorties, 55% by fighters, < 714 by Schlasta (2003 attacks 26.6 tonnes of bombs). German: losses 80 aircraft, 117 aircrew, 130 victory claims plus 23 balloons. Page 239: No 8 squadrons FK8s had radio telephones, they were supposed to report to command tanks. Radio signals were weak and sometimes drowned by the tank engine noise. Page 261: Around 10 squadrons received the new radio telephone equipment between May and August 1918. Beginning with Bristol Fighter squadrons, then extending to three of II Brigade's corps squadrons followed by a bomber squadron. Page 262: On 23 August 1918 the British created a radio-equipped Central Information Bureau (CIB) an offensive version of the earlier compass station. It monitored enemy air activity and used for ground-controlled interception and as a collecting point for information on ground targets. Either radioed details to fighter-bomber bases or used visual signals to direct aircraft in the air. Page 286: Footnote 89, British cameras by summer of 1916 had 18-plate automatically-reloading magazines for photographic reconnaissance. Page 287: footnote 1, 1916 German air service lost 221 aircraft, 45 ballons, personnel casualties from April 1916 to March 1917 2,100. Page 295: footnote 41, First use of a parachute by Germans to escape an aircraft in combat, 27 June. Used by a few German fighter pilots in 1918, but denied to allied aircrew. German parachutes failed in about 1/3 of cases.